Abstract: We present a brief review of the principle, methods and main techniques of radiation and particle detection,which have developed along with the advances in nuclear physics.Some important and typical applications of nuclear physics,nuclear detection and nuclear analysis technology are reviewed,such as particle activation analysis,Mssbauer spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance,accelerator mass spectroscopy,nuclear medicine imaging,synchrotron radiation technology,neutron scattering analysis,radioactive tracing,and so on.