Abstract: Because it can effectively detect the properties of materials, especially magnetic properties, on the microscopic scale, neutron scattering is becoming more and more widely used in scientific research. In this article we introduce the application and achievements of this technology in analyzing the properties of various functional materials, including the spin and phonon excitation spectrum in ferroelectric BiFeO₃, the special dynamics of phonons in thermoelectric PeTe, and the characteristics of spin waves in magnetic Mn_1-xCo_xV₂O₄. Based on these results, we analyze the interactions among the spins, electrons, lattice and orbitals in these materials.