Abstract: Topological quantum materials are a class of matter with nontrivial topological order, exhibiting great potential for applications in low-dissipation electronic devices, quantum computing, and spintronics. As a key experimental technique, electrical transport measurements play a crucial role in revealing the electronic band structures and in probing topological surface states, while also providing essential technical support for the design and optimization of novel quantum devices. In this review, we first introduce the fundamental principles and experimental methods of electrical transport measurements, then review their applications in the study of various types of topological quantum materials, and finally discuss future research directions and challenges in this field.